(المضاف إليه) The Possessor or The Owner
Al-Mudhafu Ilaihi (المضاف إليه)is the person or someone or something who owns another thing, the owner or what we can called the possessor of an item in a sentence. The relationship between (المضاف) and (المضاف إليه) can be expressed by the use of apostrophe as mention earlier. To show that this particular item is being owned by this particular owner, e.g Mahmud’s book.
Hence, the (المضاف والمضاف إليه) are just all about the owner of an item and the item he or she is owing.
There are two major ways in which the possessed items can be related to the possessors in a sentence. These are:
1- Nouns and Nouns relationship (both are nouns)
2- Nouns and Pronouns relationship (possessed noun and possessor pronoun)
1- Nouns and Nouns relationship- This is when the possessed item (المضاف) is a noun and the possessor (المضاف إليه) is also a noun. In this case, the both nouns will be related together, while one of the nouns owns the other nouns. Examples are:
لعبنا فى ميدان المدرسة
We played in the school's field
اذهب مع صديق الصالح
Go with Solih’s friend
رأيتك فى بيت المدير
I saw you in Headmaster’s house
غسلت ثوب الطفل
I washed the baby’s clothes
اذهب الى حديقة المدرس
Go to the teacher’s garden
In the above examples, the words (ميدان), (صديق), (بيت), (ثوب), and (حديقة) are Nouns and are the Mudhaaf because they are the items possessed in the sentences, while the words (المدرسة), (الصالح), (المدير), (الطفل) and (المدرس) are also Nouns and they are the mudhaaf ilaihi, the owners of the items mentioned with them.
Note: the field in the first sentence is owned by the school, friend in the second sentence is owned by Solih, In the third sentence, the house is owned by the headmaster and the clothes is owned by the baby in the forth sentence, while the garden is owned by the teacher in the last sentence.
2- Nouns and Pronouns relationship- In this case, the possessed item is the noun while the possessor is the pronoun. They both can be join together in a single word to form a sentence. Examples are:
رأيته فى فناء بيتك
I saw him in the veranda of your house
أخذت منه كتابه
I took his book from him
أبوه هو جدي
His father is my grandfather
قرأت من كتابهم القديم
I read from their old book
الأمهات يرضعن أولادهن
Mothers breastfeed their children
In the above examples, the words (بيت), (كتاب), (أبو), (كتاب), and (أولاد) are all Nouns and the (مضاف) Mudhaaf because the are the items possessed in the sentences, while the words (ك), (ه), (ه), (هم) and (هن) are Pronouns and the (مضاف إليه) mudhaaf ilaihi because they are the owners of the items mentioned with them.
Note: the house in the first sentence is owned by you, book in the second sentence is owned by him, In the third sentence, father is owned by him and book is owned by them in the forth sentence while children are owned by them (females) in the last sentence,
Note carefully-
- Al-Mudhaaf is a noun that is related with the noun or pronoun that follows it and it is known as a result of the relationship between them both.
- A noun that is to be related or known as a result of other noun will not take At-tanween, hence, the tanween on it will be changed to ordinary harakah like fatha, kasrah and dammah. E.g كتابٌ with At-tanween, while relating it with the owner will become كتابُ أحمد with ordinary Ad-dammah
- If the possessed item is dual or sound masculine plural which ends with alif and nun (ان) and or waw and nun (ون), then the nun will be erased while relating or joining it with the possessor. Examples: كتبان (two books) will become كتابا أحمد (Ahmad’s book) while joining it with the owner Ahmad, and مسلمون (muslims) will become مسلمو نيجيريا (Nigerian Muslims) while relating it with the owner. The nun (ن) in both examples were removed because of relating them with their owners
- The possessor or the owner on the other hand is the noun or pronouns that come after the possessed item and it always takes Al-jarri sign which is Al-Kasrah. E.g حديقة المدرسِ, فناء المدرسةِ, كتاب الطالبِ and so on. The possessors are all in al-jarri positions to take al-kasrah sign either it is clearly put or hidden.
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