Plural Noun and Its Types in Arabic ( الجمع وأقسام الجمع )

 Plural Noun and Its Types in Arabic (الجمع وأقسام الجمع  )

By: Yusuf Basirat Bolanle


In our previous lessons, we have discussed the singular, the dual and the plural together in Arabic language.

In this lesson, Insha Allah, we are going to discuss the plural in Arabic nouns separately and its classifications as well as given examples to illustrate our explanations.


What is the plural in Arabic language?


Plural in Arabic language is known as (الجمع). they are the entities or items which are more than two in number. Plural in Arabic language, unlike that of English language, which contains items starting from two upward, it is rather the items starting from three and more than two. so, the plural items in Arabic language are therefore the items starting from three in number and not two as it is in English language.


Types of plurals in Arabic language (أقسام الجمع)


There are three main types of plural nouns in Arabic language. They are:

1- The Sound Masculine Plural (جمع المذكر السالم)

2- The Sound Feminine Plural (جمع المؤنث السالم)

3- The Broken Plural (جمع التكثير)

Now, let us look into the brief explanation of each of the types of the classes.


1-   The Sound Masculine Plural (جمع المذكر السالم)


The masculine plural in known as (جمع المذكر السالم). it is the type of plural for males nouns with sound or healthy ends. It centers on male nouns that are more than two in numbers. It always ends with waw and nun (و، ن). examples are the following:


جمع المكر السالمالمفرد
Sound Masculine PluralSingular
فلاحون
Many farmers
فلاح
a farmer
مدرسون
Many teachers
مدرس
a teacher
مسلمون
many muslims
مسلم
a muslim
مهندسون
many engineers
مهندس
An engineer


2- The Sound Feminine Plural (جمع المؤنث السالم)


The sound feminine plural is the plural for female names or nouns that are more than two in number. they are referred to as (جمع المؤنث السالم) in Arabic language. The feminine plural with sound or healthy ends always ends with alif and open taa (ا، ت). examples are: 

جمع المؤنث السالمالمفردة
Sound Feminine PluralSingular
بنات
many girls
بنت
a girl
مسلمات
many female Muslims
مسلمة
a female Muslim
غرف
many rooms
غرفة
a room
طبيبات
many female doctors
طبيبة
a female doctor
نساء
many women
امرأة
a woman
ساعات
many watches
ساعة
a watch
والدات
many mothers
والدة
a mother
لعبات
many play toys
لعبة
a play toy
مدرسات
many female teachers
مدرسة
a female teacher
طالبات
many female students
طالبة
a female student
مدارس
many schools
مدرسة
a school


3-  The Broken Plural (جمع التكثير)


This is the type of plural that is neither sound masculine nor sound feminine plural. The are the type of plural that occur as a result of the internal changes in the structure of the nouns. The changes that happens to a broken plural nouns has nothing to do with the end of the noun, the changes affect only the internal structures of the nouns. The broken plural unlike sound masculine and feminine plurals has no ending sign of waw and nun nor alif and taa. this is because the changes that happened is only internal, that is, the middle of the noun,and not the end.   Examples are:


جمع التكثيرالمفرد
PluralSingular
كتب
many books
كتاب
a book
أولاد
many boys
ولد
a boy
رجال
many men
رجل
a man
بيوت
many houses
بيت
a house
أقلام
many pens
قلم
a pen
ِكلاب
many dogs
كلب
a dog
َكراسي
many chairs
كرسي
a chair
عيون
many eyes
عين
an eye
ِمساجد
many mosques
مسجد
a mosque
أكواب
many cups
كوب
a cup
ِمكاتب
many tables
مكتب
a table




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