INNA AND ITS SISTERS IN ARABIC LANGUAGE (إنَّ وأخواتها)


 Inna and its Sisters in the Arabic Language 

(إنَّ وأخواتها)

By: Yusuf Basirat Bolanle


In our previous lesson, we discussed (كان) Kaana and its sisters, we defined them as a set of verbs that are working with Nominal Sentence consisting of (المبتدأ)The Subject and (الخبر) the Predicate, thereby changes the subject parsing mark into ad-damah called (اسمه) its Noun, and the predicate parsing mark to al-fatha known as (خبره) Its Predicate.

Today,
InshaAllah, we shall discuss (إنَّ وأخواتها) Inna and its sisters which have totally grammatical opposite effects of Kaana and its sisters in Arabic Sentences.

 

 

     (إنَّ وأخواتها) 

(Inna and Sisters)


Inna and its sisters are sets of particles that are also working with Nominal Sentence comprised of (المبتدأ) The Subject and (الخبر) The Predicate, just like Kaana and its sisters. However, Inna and its sisters give the accusative case to the subject and nominative case to the predicate as opposed to Kaana and its sisters.

 

 

Inna and its sisters, when enter into a Nominal sentence consist of The Subject and The Predicate, The first one, which is the subject takes An-nazb sign, which is al-fatha and it is called (اسمه), its noun, while the second one, which is the predicate will be given ar-raf’u sign ad-dammah, and it is called (خبره) its predicate.

 

 The following Particles are regarded as Inna and its sisters:

- (
إِنَّ) Inna
- (
أنَّ) Anna
- (
كَأَنَّ) Kaanna
- (
لَكِنَّ) Laakinna
- (
لَيْتَ) Laita and
- (
لَعَلَّ) La’alla
 

 Now, let us discuss each of the particles with examples in sentences.

 

 (Inna) إِنَّ

 

 The first of Inna and its sisters is  (إنَّ) Inna itself.  Inna means “surely” or “indeed” or “verily.”

 

Examples

 

الْوَلَدُ صَغِيرٌ

The Boy is small 

      

إنَّ الوَلَدَ صَغِيرٌ

Surely, The Boy is small

..............................................

الْبَيْتُ جَمِيلٌ

The house is beautiful

         

إنَّ البيتَ جميلٌ

 Surely, the house is beautiful


..............................................

الْحِصَانُ سَرِيعٌ

The horse is fast 

 

إنَّ الحصانَ سريعٌ

 Surely, the horse is fast


..............................................

الْمَسْجِدُ بعيدٌ

The mosque is far

       

إنَّ المسجدَ بعيدٌ

 Surely the mosque is fast

.............................................. 


أنَّ (Anna)

 

The second of the sisters of Inna is (أنَّ), Anna means “That”


Examples

       
الْوَلَدُ صَغِيرٌ

The boy is small

سَمِعْتُ أنَّ الولدَ صغيرٌ

 I heard that the boy is small


..............................................

الْبَيْتُ جَمِيلٌ

The house is beautiful

 

وجدت أنَّ  البيتَ جميلٌ

 I found that the house is beautiful


..............................................

الْحِصَانُ سَرِيعٌ

The horse is fast

 

يسرُّنى أنَّ الحصانَ سريعٌ

 It makes me happy that the horse is fast

.............................................. 


الْمَسْجِدُ بعيدٌ

The mosque is far

 

أعجبنى أنَّ المسجدَ بعيدٌ

 I am surprise that the mosque is fast

.............................................. 

 

 (Kaanna) كأنَّ

The third of these sisters is (كأنَّ), Kaanna means “Is like”

   Examples

الْوَلَدُ صَغِيرٌ

The boy is small

      

كأنَّ الولدَ صغيرٌ

 is like the boy is small


..............................................

الْبَيْتُ جَمِيلٌ

The house is beautiful

  

كأنَّ البيتَ جميلٌ

Is like the house is beautiful


..............................................

الْحِصَانُ سَرِيعٌ

The horse is fast

 

كأنَّ الحصانَ سريعٌ

 Is like the horse is fast

.............................................. 


الْمَسْجِدُ بعيدٌ

The mosque is far

   

 كأنَّ المسجدَ بعيدٌ

 Is like the mosque is far

..............................................  

 

(Laakinna) لَكِنَّ

 

The next one is (لَكِنَّ),  Laakinna means “But”

 

 

Examples

 

الْوَلَدُ صَغِيرٌ

The boy is small

 

الأبُ كَبِيرٌ لَكِنَّ الولدَ صغيرٌ

 The father is old but the boy is small


..............................................

الْبَيْتُ جَمِيلٌ

The house is beautiful

 

الأَثَاثُ قديمٌ لَكِنَّ البيتَ جميلٌ

 The furniture is old but the house is beautiful


..............................................

الْحِصَانُ سَرِيعٌ

The horse is fast

 

الرَّجُلُ زَكِيُّ لكنَّ الحصانَ سريعٌ

The man is smart but the horse is fast

 
..............................................

الْمَسْجِدُ بعيدٌ

The mosque is far

 

الْبَيْتُ قَرِيبٌ لكنَّ المسجدَ بعيدٌ

 The house is near but the mosque is far

.............................................. 


(Laita) لَيْتَ

 

Another of the Inna sisters  is (لَيْتَ), Laita means “If only”

 

 

Examples

 

  الْوَلَدُ صَغِيرٌ

The boy is small

    

ليت الولدَ صغيرٌ

 If only the boy is small

.............................................. 

الْبَيْتُ جَمِيلٌ

The house is beautiful

   

ليت البيتَ جميلٌ

 If only the house is beautiful


..............................................

الْحِصَانُ سَرِيعٌ

The house is fast

 

ليت  الحصانَ سريعٌ

If only the horse is fast

 ..............................................

الْمَسْجِدُ قريبٌ

The mosque is near

 

ليت المسجدَ قريبٌ

 If only the mosque is near

.............................................. 


(Laala) لَعَلَّ 

 

The last of the sisters of Inna is (لعلَّ), which means “Perhaps” or “May be”

 

Examples

  

الْوَلَدُ صَغِيرٌ

The boy is small

 

لعل الولدَ صغيرٌ

 Maybe the boy is small


..............................................

الْبَيْتُ جَمِيلٌ

The house is beautiful

 

لعل البيتَ جميلٌ

 Maybe the house is beautiful


..............................................

الْحِصَانُ سَرِيعٌ

The horse is fast

 

لعل الحصانَ سريعٌ

 Maybe the horse is fast


..............................................

الْمَسْجِدُ قريبٌ

The mosque is near

 

لعل المسجدَ قريبٌ

 Maybe the mosque is near

 .............................................. 


 Discussion and Explanation


The first set of sentences in the above examples consist of (المبتدأ) The Subjects and (الخبر), The Predicates. They are both in Nominative cases ending with ar-raf’u sign. But if we look into the second set of sentence with the same examples, we discover that they consist of one of the Inna and its sisters.

 

 Then, if we look at the end of the nouns in the second set of sentences, we found out that the first noun takes al-fatha and the second one takes ad-dammah.


This means inna and its sisters when come before the subject and the predicates, the first one takes al-fatha and it is called its noun, and the second one takes ad-dammah and it is called its predicate.

 

 Note: Inna and its sisters are similar to Kaana and its sisters but they have the grammatical opposite effects.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

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