SUBJECT AND OBJECT IN ARABIC LANGUAGE SENTENCE (الفاعل و المفعول به)

 SUBJECT AND OBJECT IN ARABIC LANGUAGE SENTENCE (الفاعل و المفعول به)

By: Yusuf Basirat Bolanle

In our previous lessons, we explained that in Arabic Language, a simple sentence comprises of some simple parts, which are the verb, the subject and probably the object.

The object is very optional in a simple sentence, as it is not compulsory

, it is added to a sentence to make a complete sense. A simple sentence can be formed with a verb and subject only. 

However, to make a sentence more meaningful, an object can be added, and that is why it is always an optional in a complete sentence in Arabic Language.
Hence, today’s discussion is mainly on the subject and the object in Arabic sentences.

                        The Subject (الفاعل)
The subject of a verb in a sentence in Arabic Language is known as (الفاعل). It refers to the person who acted or performed an Acton in a sentence. The subject in a sentence can be living or non-living thing, and always takes the parsing mark Ad-dammah.

The subject in a sentence can come before or after a verb. If the sentence is a nominal sentence, the subject comes before the verb, but in the case of a verbal sentence, the subject comes after the verb.

 Let us look into the following examples  in  verbal sentences.

  ....................................

جلس الولد 

The boy sat

 

قرأت البنت

The girl read

 

يبكى الطفل

The baby is crying

 

أكلت الأم

The mother ate

 

لعب الكلب

The dog played

 ....................................

In the above sentences, the subjects are (الولد), (البنت), (الطفل), (الأم), and (الكلب). They are the doers of the actions in the sentences. The passing marks placed at the end of each of the subject is Ad-dammah. That is the root mark for all the Arabic subjects. 

Secondly the sentences are all verbal sentences, that is why they all started with verbs, followed by the subjects.  

 

Let us look at the following examples  in  nominal sentences

 ....................................

الولدان يأكلان

The two boys are eating

 

المسلمون يذهبون

The Muslims are going

 

الطفل يلعب

The baby is playing

 

الطالبات يجلسن

The female students are sitting

 

الكلب يجرى

The dog is running

  ....................................

 Let us take a critical look at the above sentences, the subjects are (الولدان), (المسلمون), (الطفل), (الطلبات), and (الكلب). They are the people that carried out the actions in the sentences.
Also, each of the sentences starts with the Subject, this is an indication that the sentences are all Nominal sentences. 

                                 The Object (المفعول به)
The Object is known as (المفعول به) in Arabic Language. It is a word indicating what the action of the subject is all about in the sentence or what the subject acted upon in a sentence. The direct Object of Arabic sentence always ends with parsing mark Al-Fatha. The object can also be a living or non-living thing.

Examples of objects in sentences.

  ....................................

قرأ الولد القرأن

The boy read the Quran

 

أكل الحمار فولا

The camel ate  beans

 

طَبَخَتْ المرأة الطعام

The Woman coked the food

 

يَرْبَحُ السابِقُ جائزة

The Contestant wins the price

 

جلس الولد على الكرسي

The boy sat on the chair

 ....................................

Now, let us go through the above examples, the words: (القرأن), (الفولا), (الطعام), and (جائزة) are all direct objects in the sentence. They are those things that the actions of the subjects are being directly carried out on.

However, the last sentence in the above examples
(جلس الولد على الكرسي  ) has a Prepositional Object, because the object (الكرسي) is preceded by a preposition, which is (على).

This shows that the Object of a sentence can either be a direct or indirect object. The direct object comes directly after the verb and the subject while indirect object comes after other elements like a preposition.

Note: It is very important to note that in Arabic Language, the Object is only applicable to a verbal sentence. If the sentence is a nominal sentence, then it ends with predicates and not objects. 

Continue Reading from here

CLASSIFICATIONS OF VERBS IN ARABIC LANGUAGE (أقسام الفعل)

PARTS OF A SENTENCE IN ARABIC LANGUAGE (أجزاء الجملة

COMPLETE SENTENCE IN ARABIC LANGUAGE (الجملة المفيدة)