PARTS OF A SENTENCE IN ARABIC LANGUAGE
By: Yusuf Basirat Bolanle
In
our previous lesson, we discussed A Complete Sentence in Arabic
Language. We explained that a complete sentence is a group of words that makes
sense.
This sentence is made up of some parts, and these parts, when gathered
together, form a complete sentence.
Now, Let us look at the parts of a sentence
1- The Noun or (The Name) (الاسم )
2- The verb (الفعل)and
3- The preposition (الحرف)
1.
The Noun (الاسم)
The Noun in Arabic Language is known as (الاسم)- It refers to a name of a person, animal, place or
thing.
A noun can also be defined as any word that is used to call people, animals, places and
other things. Examples are:
رَكِبَ يُوسُفُ الْحِصَانَ
Yusuf rode the horse
تَأْكُلُ رَاضِيَةُ الْخُبْز
Rodiyah is eating the bread
يَلْعَبُ الْكَلْبُ فِى الْحَدِيقَةِ
The dog is playing in the garden
تَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ فِى السَّمَاء
The sun is shining in the sky
سمع عيسى الأذان
Issah heard
the call to prayer
In
the above sentences, the words (يوسف), (راضية) and (عيسى) are all names of people, while the
words (الحصان) and (الكلب) are animals’ names. Likewise the
words (الخبز) and (الشمس)
are names of things. Then,(الحديقة) and (السماء) and are the names of places.
However, all the above mentioned together are referred to as Names or Nouns.
2. The Verb (الفعل)
The Verb in Arabic Language is known as (الفعل).
A verb is a word that indicates an
action in a sentence. Any word that is pointing to the occurrence of an action
at a particular time is known
as a verb. This time could be present, past or
future time. Examples are:
ركِب يُوسُفُ الْحِصَانَ
Yusuf rode the horse
تَأْكُلُ رَاضِيَةُ الْخُبْزَ
Rodiyah is eating the bread
يَلْعَبُ الْكَلْبُ فِى الْحَدِيقَة
The dog is playing in the garden
تَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ فِى السَّمَاءِ
The sun is shining in the sky
سمع عيسى الأذان
Issah heard the call to prayer
A
critical look at the above sentences, we discovered that the words (ركب),
(تأكل), (يلعب), (تطلع) and (سمع) are all verbs, because they are all
indicating actions performed by the subjects in the sentence at a particular
time, which is
either
present, past or future times.
A Preposition is a word that shows a relationship between two or more objects in a sentence. It is a word that cannot bring a full meaning on its own except it is attached to the other words in a sentence. When a preposition is mentioned solely, we cannot derive any meaning from it unless it is used with other words to form a meaningful statement. Examples are:
هل تريد الكتاب؟
Do you want the book
الولد يجلس على المقعد
The boy is sitting on the chair
يَلْعَبُ الْكَلْبُ فِى الْحَدِيقَةِ
The dog is playing in the garden
اللعبة على المكتب
The play toy is on the table
باسم الله تعالى
In the name of Allah
Now, If we take a look at the above sentences, we also discover that the words: (هل), (على), (فى), and (ب) are all prepositions. If each of these words are pronounced separately, they don’t convey any meaning on their own until they are joined together with other words to form a sentence.
Summarily, the parts of a sentence in the Arabic Language are: the Noun (الاسم), the Verb (الفعل), and the Preposition (الحرف) . Also, a complete sentence can only be formed with the combination of at least two or more words.
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