CLASSIFICATIONS OF VERBS IN ARABIC LANGUAGE
By: Yusuf Basirat Bolanle (Obakids Link TV)
In our previous lessons we discussed The formation of A Complete Sentence and Parts of A Complete Sentence in Arabic Language. Today, we shall talk on the Classifications or Types of Verbs in Arabic Language.
The
Verb (الفعل)
The verb in Arabic Language is known as (الفعل)
It is any word that indicates an action in a sentence. A verb shows the action that is being performed in a sentence by the subjects.
Classifications of Verb in Arabic Language
Verb in Arabic Language is divided into Three:
Past tense in Arabic Language is referred to as(فعل الماضى )
It is any action that took place in the past. The past tense
indicates an event that had happened in the past.
جلس
الولد
The boy sat down
كَتَبَتْ راضية
Rodiyah wrote
قرأ
يوسف القرأنَ
Yusuf read the Quran
خَرَجَ الكلب
The dog went out
ضَاعَ الكتاب
The book got lost
If we look at the above examples, we will discover that all the
verbs (جلس), (كتب), (قرأ), (خرج), and (ضاع) are indicating the
actions performed at a particular time. Then, if we look at
these times, we find out that they are all indicating the past.
That is, those actions were taken place in the past. These
types of verbs are therefore, referred to as (فعل الماضى) Past
Tense in Arabic Language
2. Present Tense (فعل المضارع)
Present tense in Arabic Language is known as (فعل المضارع). It
indicates all verbs that are pointing to the occurrence of an
event in the present time or the future time. The present tense
in Arabic Language must start with one of the following
alphabets, which are referred to as the alphabets of present
tense, they are: ( أ، ن، ي، ت).
Examples
أَغْسِلُ يَدَيَّ
I am washing my hand
نَقْرَأُ الْقُرأنَ
We are reading the Quran
يَجْلِسُ الْوَلَدُ
The boy is sitting down
تَكْتُبُ راضية
Rodiyah is writing
A critical look at the words (أَغْسِلُ), (نَقْرَأ), (يَجْلِسُ), and (تَكْتُبُ)shows
that they are all verbs, happening at a particular time, which is
present or future time. Again, if we look at the beginning of
each of these verbs, we will discover that they all start with
either of the following alphabets: (أ) (ن) (ي) (ت). These are the
alphabets of present tense in Arabic Language.
3. Command Tense (فعل الأمر)
Command tense in Arabic language is known as (فعل الأمر). It
indicates all verbs that requesting the occurrence of a
particular action from someone.
Examples
اجْلِسْ يا ولد
Sit down you boy!
اكْتُبِى يا راضية
Write you Rodiyah!
اقْرَأْ القرأنَ
Read the Quran
اخْرُجُوا أيها الأولاد
Go out you boys!
أَطْعِمْنَ المساكينَ يا نساء
Feed the poor you women!
In the above examples, the words (اجلس), (اكتبى), (اقرا), (اخرجوا) and
(أطعمن) are all verbs. Also, if we look at the sentences, we find
out that the speakers
there are
requesting from the listeners
and commanding them to carry out a particular action. This
type of the verb, requesting the occurrence of an action is
known as Command Tense in Arabic Language.
Summarily
The verb in Arabic Language is an action word
showing the occurrence of an event in either of the past,
present or requesting for it as a command tense. Hence,
these represent the classifications of verb accordingly,
into Past Tense (فعل الماضى), Present Tense (فعل المضارع) and
Command Tense (فعل الأمر).
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