VERBAL SENTENCE IN ARABIC LANGUAGE (الجملة الفعلية)
By: Yusuf Basirat Bolanle
DEFINITION AND DISCUSSION
What is a verbal sentence?
A verbal sentence in Arabic language is known as (الجملة الفعلية).
A basic verbal sentence in Arabic language is the sentence that begins with a verb. It comprises of at least a verb (فعل) and a subject (فاعل).
The verb (الفعل) starts the sentence, followed by the subject (الفاعل) the doer, then the object (المفعول به) (which may be optional). The object may be optional in a verbal sentence because it usually adds to the meaning of the sentence but might not be part of what makes a Complete Sentence to make a complete sense.
In Arabic language, a complete sentence can be made by simply putting a verb and a subject together. Hence, the object becomes an optional.
Parts of a Verbal Sentence
The verbal sentence comprises of the following parts as briefly mentioned above:
- (الفعل) The Verb
- (الفاعل) The Subject and
- (المفعول به) The Object (This may be optional)
The verb in Arabic language is known as (الفعل). it is the real action that is being performed in a sentence by the subject. It is also the main word linking the different parts of the sentence.
Let us look into the following examples
يقرأ أبى القرأن
My father is reading the Quran
جلس أخى على الكرسي
My brother sat on the chair
فتح يوسف الباب
Yusuf opened the door
تنظف راضية الغرفة
Rodiyah is cleaning the room
In the above examples, the underlined words are the verbs. They are indicating or pointing to the actions being performed in the sentences.
The second of these parts is "The subject". In Arabic language, the subject is known as (الفاعل). It is the doer of the action in a sentence. The subject is the one who perform an action/actions in a particular sentence.
Now, let us go through the following examples:
يقرأ أبى القرأن
My father is reading Quran
جلس أخى على الكرسي
My brother sat on the chair
فتح يوسف الباب
Yusuf opened the door
تنظف راضية الغرفة
Rodiyah is cleaning the room
In the above sentences, the underlined words are the subjects. They are the one that performed action in each of the sentences as indicated above.
The subject can be indicated by the combination of the verb and the subject in a single word, and not written separately. for example:
أعمل مدرسا
I work as a teacher
يقرأ القرأن
He reads the Quran
فتحنا الباب
We opened the door
The above show the subjects being joined together with verbs or at the end of the verbs.
The object is called (المفعول به) in Arabic. The subject is the person or thing that receives the action of the verb in a sentence.
The object of a verbal sentence is optional as explained above.
يقرأ أبى القرأن
My father is reading the Quran
جلس أخى على الكرسي
My brother sat on the chair
فتح يوسف الباب
Yusuf opened the door
تنظف راضية الغرفة
Rodiyah is cleaning the room
In all the above sentences here, the underlined words are all objects. A critical look at them shows that they might be removed from the sentences and they will still make their complete sense. That is why the object in some cases may be optional and not compulsory. The objects always add to the meaning of a sentence.
Here is the Summary
The Verbal Sentence and its Parts
(الجملة الفعلية وأجزائها)
The Object The Subject The Verb
الفعل الفاعل المفعول به
تكتب راضية على السبورة
قرأ
ت
القرأن
ضرب
نا
الكلب
ينام عيسى
Here is the summary of what we have been discussing above:
In Arabic language,The verbal sentence is the sentence that start with verb. it has three main parts, which are: The subjects, The verb and The Object. The Object may be optional. that is, the object is not a compulsory part of a verbal sentence.
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